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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e19859, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383996

ABSTRACT

To overcome the problems associated with bioavailability and systemic side effects of the drug by oral administration, monolithic matrix type transdermal patches containing cinnarizine (CNZ) were developed. For this purpose, films based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone as matrix-forming polymers were designed. Physical characteristics of transdermal films and drug-excipient compatibility were investigated. Factors affecting in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin penetration and permeation of the drug were studied. It was confirmed that films displayed sufficient flexibility and mechanical strength for application onto the skin for a long time period. Ex vivo penetration experiments gave satisfactory results for transdermal drug delivery through rat skin. The parameters determining good skin penetration were also evaluated. The highest drug permeation rate was obtained with incorporation of Transcutol® (0.102 mg/cm2/h) into the base CNZ formulation, followed by propylene glycol (0.063 mg/cm2/h), menthol (0.045 mg/cm2/h), and glycerin (0.021 mg/cm2/h) as penetration enhancers (p < 0.05). As a result, the developed transdermal patches of CNZ may introduce an alternative treatment for various conditions and diseases such as idiopathic urticarial vasculitis, Ménière's disease, motion sickness, nausea, and vertigo. Thus, the risk of systemic side effects caused by the drug can be reduced or eliminated


Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Cinnarizine , Histamine Agonists/adverse effects , Cholinergic Antagonists , Anesthetics/classification , Skin , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Hypromellose Derivatives/adverse effects , Drug Liberation
2.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 35(2): 44-52, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103481

ABSTRACT

En la práctica dermatológica, se realizan diversos procedimientos quirúrgicos y estéticos que pueden causar dolor a los pacientes. Actualmente en el mercado se dispone, de un amplio arsenal de drogas que permiten lograr una anestesia segura y eficaz. Existen diferentes modalidades y técnicas de anestesia, según el tipo de intervención y el segmento corporal en el cual se va a realizar el procedimiento. Los efectos adversos de los diferentes anestésicos están bien definidos y se deben tomar ciertas precauciones en poblaciones especiales donde el riesgo de complicaciones es mayor. Es de fundamental importancia que el clínico posea un acabado conocimiento de los diversos fármacos utilizados en anestesia, para poder minimizar las complicaciones derivadas de su administración.


In dermatological practice, various surgical and cos-metic procedures are performed that can cause pain to patients. A large stock of drugs is now available on the market to provide safe and effective anesthesia. There are different modalities and techniques of anesthesia, depending on the type of intervention and the body segment in which the procedure will be performed. The adverse effects of different anesthe-tics are well defined and certain precautions should be taken in special populations where the risk of complications is greater. It is fundamental that the clinician has a thorough knowledge of the various drugs that can be used in anesthesia, in order to minimize complications arising from its administration


Subject(s)
Humans , Dermatology/instrumentation , Anesthesia/methods , Anesthetics/classification , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/classification , Nerve Block/methods
3.
Rev. ADM ; 74(3): 123-126, mayo-jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908008

ABSTRACT

La anestesia dental es un tema importante en la práctica cotidiana enlas diversas especialidades odontológicas, motivo por el que nace lanecesidad de hacer una revisión de las técnicas anestésicas actuales. Con base en nuestra experiencia nos dimos cuenta de que la practicidad de utilizar referencias anatómicas confiables nos sirven de guía para obtener una mejor efi cacia al momento de anestesiar el nervio alveolar mandibular. Lo anterior se traduce en menor dolor posterior a la punción, menor dosis anestésica y una profundidad anestésica adecuada en tejidos blandos y duros, del mismo modo nos permite llevar a cabo diversos tratamientos con un margen de seguridad más amplio y disminuir losriesgos de toxicidad. Cabe mencionar que dicha técnica se ha incluido enla práctica clínica cotidiana en nuestra práctica privada en el Postgradode Ortodoncia del Instituto universitario Franco Inglés de México yen el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Centro Médico Lic.Adolfo López Mateos en la ciudad de Toluca, Estado de México.


Dental anesthesia is an important issue in daily practice in the variousdental specialties, which is why the need for a review of the anesthetictechnique arises. Based on our experience, we realized the practicalityof using reliable anatomical references that serve as a guide, to obtaina better effi cacy when anesthetizing the mandibular alveolar nerve,resulting in less pain after puncture, lower anesthetic dose and anadequate anesthetic depth in soft and hard tissues, which allows us tocarry out various treatments with a wider margin of safety and reducethe risks of toxicity. It is worth mentioning that this technique hasbeen included in daily clinical practice in our private practice, in theorthodontic postgraduate course of the Instituto Franco in Mexico andin the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of the Licensed MedicalCenter «Adolfo Lopez Mateos¼ in the City of Toluca, State of Mexico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Mandibular Nerve , Anatomic Landmarks , Anesthetics/classification , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Anesthetics/therapeutic use , Mandibular Nerve/anatomy & histology
4.
Arch. boliv. med ; 5(57): 35-8, mar. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-238541

ABSTRACT

La primera descripción del uso de un elemento para aliviar el dolor, está descrita en la Biblia: Genesis II: 12 " Y Dios hizo que un sueño profundo cayera sobre Adán y el se durmió , y tomó una de sus costillas y cerró la carne en su lugar". Esculapio (1200 adc) usaba una porción de una hierba llamada NEPE para producir insensibilidad en sus pacientes que debía intervenir quirúrgicamente. Hipócrates (450 adc) producia narcosis perfecta con inalación del vapor del BANGUE. Scribonius (47 adc), recomendaba el siguiente procedimiento ".....Cuando hay que extraer un diente que está flojo o dolorido debe fratarse la naríz del paciente con azúcar pardo, hiedra y aceite verde, se le advierte que contenga la respiración, se coloca entonces una piedra entre los dientes y se le hace cerrar la boca. El líquido entonces se ve fluir por la boca en tal cantidad como para llenar tres ollas. La reacción adversa más frecuente es el SINCOPE y continuará siendo un problema frecuente hasta que todas las anestesias locales


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anesthetics, Local/standards , Anesthetics/classification , Anesthetics/metabolism , Anesthetics
8.
In. Silva, Penildon. Farmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 4 ed; 1994. p.363-74, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-135957
9.
In. Silva, Penildon. Farmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 4 ed; 1994. p.375-85, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-135958
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